Many activists and writers have ascribed continuing racial segregation in American schools to a failure of will. In this view forced transfers of students and other aggressive judicially mandated policies would lead to greater equality in education if only legislators and judges had the will to continue trying to make school districts conform to plans for redesigning schools and even American society. Controls and Choices The Educational Marketplace and the Failure of School Desegregation provides a detailed examination of the nature of the educational marketplace supported by historical evidence to argue that school desegregation failed because it involved monopolistic efforts at redistributing opportunities.